Legal Protection for Financial Technology Peer to Peer Lending Debtors Against Doxing Actions by Creditors

Muhammad Fatoni Kurniawan; Fendi Setyawan; Dyah Ochtorina Susanti

doi:10.35719/rch.v5i3.356

Authors

Muhammad Fatoni Kurniawan University of Jember, Indonesia
Fendi Setyawan University of Jember, Indonesia
Dyah Ochtorina Susanti University of Jember, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35719/rch.v5i3.356

Keywords:

Fintech, Doxing, Legal Protection

Abstract

Technological advancements have increased financial access through financial technology (fintech) services, particularly peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, yet these developments also present significant risks. Illegal online lenders (pinjol) often misuse personal data and employ intimidating debt collection practices, while large-scale data breaches, such as those involving BPJS Kesehatan, Tokopedia, and Kredit Plus where 890,000 customer records were allegedly leaked and sold highlight the urgent need for effective debtor protection. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches to examine the legal framework for debtor protection against doxing practices. The findings show that legal protection is crucial to maintaining stability, security, and user trust in fintech services. Protection mechanisms are divided into internal measures, which regulate transparency, fair treatment, confidentiality, and risk management, and external measures provided by authorities through law enforcement, administrative sanctions, and dispute resolution. Despite the existence of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law), the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law), and Financial Services Authority (OJK) regulations, regulatory disharmony, weak supervision, and low public awareness hinder effective protection. Strengthening PDP Law enforcement and explicitly prohibiting doxing practices in OJK regulations are recommended.

References

Book

Dyah Ochtorina Susanti, dan A’an Efendi. Penelitian Hukum (Legal Research). Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2018.

Fajar, Mukti dan Yulianto Achmad. Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2017

Isnaeni, Moch. Pengantar Hukum Jaminan Kebendaan. Surabaya: Revka Petra Media, 2016.

Supramono, Gatot. Perjanjian Pinjam Meminjam. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Kencana, 2013.

Journal

Karim, Abdul, Muhlis Ruslan, Chahyono, Muh.?Kafrawi?Yunus, dan Amrullah Ahmad. “Fintech P2P Lending in Increasing People's Purchasing Power in South Sulawesi Province.” Journal the Winners 5, no.?2 (2024): 116. https://doi.org/10.21512/tw.v25i2.12059

Hermawan, Risma Dewi, Aris Prio Agus Santoso, dan Kresna Agung Yudhianto. “Upaya Polri Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen dalam Perjanjian Pinjaman Online Ilegal di Surakarta.” Rechtenstudent Journal 4, no.?1 (2023): 52–62. https://doi.org/10.35719/rch.v4i1.220

Hakim, Lukmaul, Fitriyani Fitriyani, Muhammad Ilham Cahya Permana, dan Nisa Nurul Aini. “Pengaruh Pinjaman Online terhadap Perkembangan Usaha Koperasi Syariah BMT Investa Mubarokah Cianjur.” Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan Syariah 2, no.?2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.35194/arps.v2i2.2673

Julyano, M., dan A.?Y. Sulistyawan. “Pemahaman Terhadap Asas Kepastian Hukum Melalui Konstruksi Penalaran Positivisme Hukum.” Jurnal Crepido 1, no.?1 (2019).

Labib, Muhammad, and Rumawi. “Legal Protection for Financial Technology Users Against Fraud and Illegal Acts.” Rechtenstudent Journal 4, no. 3 (2023): 216.

Novita, Windy Sonya. “Aspek Hukum Peer To Peer Lending dalam Identifikasi Permasalahan Hukum dan Mekanisme Penyelesaian.” Jurnal Yustisia Privat Law 8, no.?1 (2020).

Rosyidah, Ambar Alimatur, Farah Fajriyah, dan Rahayu Rahayu. “Cyber Crime Against Women's Personal Data on Online Platforms and The Role of PDP Laws.” Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia 13, no.?2 (2024): 265. https://doi.org/10.7454/jkmi.v13i2.1229

Sari, Wina Puspita dan Asep Soegiarto. “Indonesia Government Public Relations in Using Social Media.” ICHELSS (2021): 495–496.

Shonhadji, Nanang. “Fraud Analysis on Illegal Online Lending Using Habermas’s Theory of the Public Sphere.” JIAB 17, no.?1 (2022): 34.

Subhan, Muhammad, dan Nabila Ihza Nur Muttaqi. “Perlindungan Hukum bagi Korban Penyebaran Data Pribadi oleh Penyedia Jasa Pinjaman Online Ilegal dalam Perspektif Viktimologi.” Delicti: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi 2, no.?1 (2024).

Sudwika Utama, I Putu Raditya, and Anak Agung Gede Agung Indra Prathama. “Pengawasan Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan terkait Penerapan Financial Technology.” Yustitia 16, no. 2 (2022): 172.

Suwondo, Denny. “The Legal Protection of Personal Data in Perspective of Human Rights.” Law Development Journal 5, no.?4 (2023): 420.

Syahrudidin, Nurul Insi, dan Eva Achjani Zulfa. “Personal Data Protection Violations by Fintech Lending in Indonesia.” JLPH 4, no.?4 (2024): 1000.

Yudiana, Teguh Cahya, et al. “The Urgency of Doxing on Social Media Regulation and the Implementation of Right to Be Forgotten on Related Content for the Optimization of Data Privacy Protection in Indonesia.” PJIH 9, no.?1 (2022): 26.

Yolanda, E., and Hutabarat. “Urgensi Lembaga Perlindungan Data Pribadi di Indonesia Berdasarkan Asas Hukum Responsif.” Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 8, no. 6 (2023)

Legislation

Law Number 27 of 2022 on the Protection of Personal Data, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 196; Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6820.

Law Number 1 of 2024 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2002 on Electronic Information and Transactions, State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1; Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6905.

Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 10/POJK.05/2022

Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 77/POJK.01/2016

Websites

Akbar, Caesar. “6 Kasus Kebocoran Data Pribadi Di Indonesia ,” accessed July 23, 2025, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1501790/6-kasus-kebocoran-data-pribadi-di-Indonesia.

Ulya, Fika Nurul and Sakina Rakhma Diah Setiawan, “Data Nasabah KreditPlus Bocor Ini Kata OJK,” accessed July 23, 2025, https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/08/04/170900526/data-nasabah-kreditplus-bocor-ini-kataojk.

Yonatan, Agnes z. “Indonesia Peringkat 4,” accessed July 23, 2025, , https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/indonesia-peringkat-4-ini-dia-7-negara-pengguna-internet-terbesar-di-dunia-FLw6V.